This is a list of supplementary study materials usable for learning CCNP 642-902 – Route course and supporting following successful certification. They allow a deeper knowledge and support better orientation on selected topics. The contain links on externel Internet sources how I recommend it to my students during my CCNP lessons ofn our Cisco networking academy.
Main resources, of course, are following books:
- Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) Foundation Learning Guide: Foundation learning for the ROUTE 642-902 Exam
- CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide
- CCNP ROUTE Lab Manual
For configuration training we recommends a real lab training or in a case of its inaccessibility, we recommned to use GNS3 simulator with self made topologies.
General recommendations
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www.cisco.com/go/support/
- main cisco support link
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We recommend, that if:
- are you looking for router command syntax, go to the main IOS documentation
- are you looking for switch command syntax, look documentation for a particular switch platform.
To find additional information of a particular IOS, useful categories are:
- Configuration Guides
- Command References
- Master Index
- Error and System Messages
Alternativelly, if we have Cisco Connection Online ID (CCO) and we are logged in we may use command lookup tool
http://tools.cisco.com/Support/CLILookup/cltSearchAction.do
Official certification books' chapters and ours additional resource references
2.0 Configuring the Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) protocol
3.0 Configuring the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol
4.0 Manipulating Routing Updates
6.0 Implementing a Border Gateway Protocol suite for ISP connectivity
7.0 IPv6
Book chapters and resource references
Chapter 1: Routing services
Architectures and models
Enterprise Composite Network Model (ECNM)
Service Oriented Architecture (SONA)
Cisco Borderless Networks
Cisco Validated Design
Cisco Lifecycle Services
PPDIOO
Routing basics
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Document ID 8651: „Route Selection in Cisco Routers“
- One of the intriguing aspects of Cisco routers, especially for those new to routing, is how the router chooses which route is the best among those presented by routing protocols, manual configuration, and various other means. While route selection is much simpler than you might imagine, to understand it completely requires some knowledge about the way Cisco routers work.
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Document ID 5212: „How Does Load Balancing Work?“
- Load balancing is a standard functionality of the Cisco IOS® router software, and is available across all router platforms. It is inherent to the forwarding process in the router and is automatically activated if the routing table has multiple paths to a destination. It is based on standard routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIPv2, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), or derived from statically configured routes and packet forwarding mechanisms. It allows a router to use multiple paths to a destination when forwarding packets.
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Document ID 16448: „Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands“
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Default routes are used to direct packets addressed to networks not explicitly listed in the routing table. Default routes are invaluable in topologies where learning all the more specific networks is not desirable, as in case of stub networks, or not feasible due to limited system resources such as memory and processing power.
This document explains how to configure a default route, or gateway of last resort.
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On Demand Routing (ODR)
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Document ID 13716: "ODR: Frequently Asked Questions"
- This document contains frequently asked questions (FAQs) about On-Demand Routing (ODR).
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Document ID: 13710: "Designing Large-Scale Stub Networks with ODR"
- On-Demand Routing (ODR) is an enhancement to Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), a protocol used to discover other Cisco devices on either broadcast or non-broadcast media. With the help of CDP, it is possible to find the device type, the IP address, the Cisco IOS® version running on the neighbor Cisco device, the capabilities of the neighbor device, and so on. In Cisco IOS software release 11.2, ODR was added to CDP to advertise the connected IP prefix of a stub router via CDP. This feature takes an extra five bytes for each network or subnet, four bytes for the IP address, and one byte to advertise the subnet mask along with the IP. ODR is able to carry Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) information.
- ODR was designed for enterprise retail customers who do not want to use their network bandwidth for routing protocol updates. In an X.25 environment, for example, it is often very costly to run a routing protocol over that link. Static routing is a good choice, but there is too much overhead to manually maintain the static routes. ODR is not CPU-intensive and it is used to propagate IP routes dynamically over Layer 2.
IP Unnumbered
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Document ID 13786: Understanding and Configuring the ip unnumbered Command
- This document explains the concept of IP unnumbered, and provides several configuration examples for reference. The ip unnumbered configuration command allows you to enable IP processing on a serial interface without assigning it an explicit IP address. The ip unnumbered interface can "borrow" the IP address of another interface already configured on the router, which conserves network and address space.
Routing Information Protocol version 1 and 2 (RIPv1 & RIPv2)
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Document ID 13724: "Why Doesn't RIP or IGRP Support Discontiguous Networks?"
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A discontiguous network comprises a major net that separates another major net. This document describes why RIPv1 and IGRP do not support discontiguous networks and explains how you can work around this issue.
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Document ID 13723: "Behavior of RIP and IGRP When Sending and Receiving Updates"
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This document explains the series of actions taken by both Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) when they send or receive the routing updates.
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Document ID 13719: Sample Configuration for Authentication in RIPv2
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This document shows sample configurations for authenticating the routing information exchange process for Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2).
Cisco implementation of RIPv2 supports two modes of authentication: plain text authentication and Message Digest 5 (MD5) authentication. Plain text authentication mode is the default setting in every RIPv2 packet, when authentication is enabled. Plain text authentication should not be used when security is an issue, because the unencrypted authentication password is sent in every RIPv2 packet.
Note: RIP version 1 (RIPv1) does not support authentication. If you are sending and receiving RIPv2 packets, you can enable RIP authentication on an interface.
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More about the MD5 authentication:
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RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm
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This document describes the MD5 message-digest algorithm. The algorithm takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input.
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Understanding RIP timers:
Chapter 2: Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
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Document ID: 16406: Introduction to Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an interior gateway protocol suited for many different topologies and media. In a well designed network, EIGRP scales well and provides extremely quick convergence times with minimal network traffic.
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Document ID: 13677: How Does Unequal Cost Path Load Balancing (Variance) Work in IGRP and EIGRP?
- In general, load balancing is the capability of a router to distribute traffic over all the router network ports that are the same distance from the destination address. Load balancing increases the utilization of network segments, and so increases effective network bandwidth.
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Document ID: 13675: How Does the Passive Interface Feature Work in EIGRP?
- You can use the passive-interface command in order to control the advertisement of routing information. The command enables the suppression of routing updates over some interfaces while it allows updates to be exchanged normally over other interfaces.
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Document ID: 82110: EIGRP Message Authentication Configuration Example
- This document illustrates how to add message authentication to your Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) routers and protect the routing table from willful or accidental corruption.
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Understanding EIGRP Queries (packetLife)
- Contain captured traffic in pcap format
Advanced EIGRP topics
Chapter 3: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
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OSPF – Introduction
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the interior gateway protocol (IGP) working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
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Document ID: 7039: OSPF Design Guide
- The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, defined in RFC 2328 l, is an Interior Gateway Protocol used to distribute routing information within a single Autonomous System. This paper examines how OSPF works and how it can be used to design and build large and complicated networks.
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Document ID: 6208: OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)
- The OSPF not-so-stubby area (NSSA) feature is described by RFC 1587 and is first introduced in Cisco IOS® Software release 11.2. It is a non-proprietary extension of the existing stub area feature that allows the injection of external routes in a limited fashion into the stub area. This document explains how the NSSA feature works.
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Document ID: 47867: OSPF Not So Stubby Area Type 7 to Type 5 Link-State Advertisement Conversion
- This document shows how Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) converts a Not So Stubby Area (NSSA) type 7 link-state advertisement (LSA) to a type 5 LSA.
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ADVANCE OSPF DEPLOYMENT
Chapter 4: Manipulating Routing Updates
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Document ID: 8606: Redistributing Routing Protocols:
- Using a routing protocol to advertise routes that are learned by some other means, such as by another routing protocol, static routes, or directly connected routes, is called redistribution. While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multi-protocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments managed by multiple network administrators, and multi-vendor environments. Running different routing protocols is often part of a network design. In any case, having a multiple protocol environment makes redistribution a necessity.
- Differences in routing protocol characteristics, such as metrics, administrative distance, classful and classless capabilities can effect redistribution. Consideration must be given to these differences for redistribution to succeed.
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Document ID: 49111: Route-Maps for IP Routing Protocol Redistribution Configuration
- This document describes commands that you can use to configure route-maps that are applied with the redistribute command of dynamic routing protocols. This document also includes tips on route-map functions and advice on when route-map configuration is most beneficial.
- The route-map function is a generic mechanism of Cisco IOS® software configuration. You can apply it to many different tasks, for example, policy-based routing (PBR) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighbor update modification. One of the most common uses of route-maps is to apply them to routes that are redistributed between dynamic routing protocols. This document examines the possibilities of route-maps, when you configure this type of redistribution.
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Document ID: 9105: Filtering Routing Updates on Distance Vector IP Routing Protocols
- This document explains various methods of filtering routes and the effects of applying the filters. The filters covered in this document are ones that prevent updates through router interfaces, ones that control the advertising of routes in routing updates, and ones that control the processing of routing updates.
- Because route filtering works by regulating the routes that are entered into or advertised out of the route table, they have different effects on link state routing protocols than they do on distance vector protocols. A router running a distance vector protocol advertises routes based on what is in its route table. As a result, a route filter influences which routes the router advertises to its neighbors.
- On the other hand, routers running link state protocols determine their routes based on information in their link state database, rather than on the advertised route entries of its neighbors. Route filters have no effect on links state advertisements or on the link state database. For this reason, the information in this document only applies to distance vector IP Routing Protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIP version 2, Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), and Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP).
- IP Routing: Protocol-Independent Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 12.4T Configuring IP Routing Protocol-Independent Features
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Understanding Redistribution of OSPF Routes into BGP
- This Tech Note explains the behavior of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) redistribution on Cisco routers. The behavior of OSPF to BGP redistribution is outlined in RFC 1403.
Chapter 5: Implementing Path Control (PBR)
Chapter 6: Implementing a Border Gateway Protocol suite for ISP connectivity
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) – Introduction:
- BGP performs interdomain routing in Transmission-Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks. BGP is an exterior gateway protocol (EGP), which means that it performs routing between multiple autonomous systems or domains and exchanges routing and reachability information with other BGP systems.
- Document ID: 5816: BGP: Frequently Asked Questions
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Document ID: 13753: BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routers typically receive multiple paths to the same destination. The BGP best path algorithm decides which is the best path to install in the IP routing table and to use for traffic forwarding.
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Document ID: 5441: Understanding Route Aggregation in BGP
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) allows the aggregation of specific routes into one route with use of the aggregate-address address mask [as-set] [summary-only] [suppress-map map-name] [advertise-map map-name] [attribute-map map-name] command. When you issue the aggregate-address command without any arguments, there is no inheritance of the individual route attributes (such as AS_PATH or community), which causes a loss of granularity. This document illustrates how to manipulate the different attributes when you use the aggregate-address command and how to influence the propagation
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Document ID: 22166: Troubleshooting BGP
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Document ID: 19345: Troubleshooting When BGP Routes Are Not Advertised
- The purpose of this document is to provide a systematic approach to help troubleshoot situations when a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) router does not announce BGP routes to peers.
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Document ID: 19345: Troubleshooting When BGP Routes Are Not Advertised
Chapter 7: IPv6
Chapter 8: Connecting Branch offices / IPSec
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Document ID 16439:An Introduction to IP Security (IPSec) Encryption
- This document introduces IPsec to users in a rapid, but concise format. This document contains basic configurations of Internet Key Exchange (IKE) with pre-shared keys, IKE with a Certification Authority, and IPsec. This is not an exhaustive document. But, this document does help you to understand the tasks and the order in which they are accomplished.
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Point-to-Point GRE over IPSec Design and Implementation
- In designing a VPN deployment for a customer, it is essential to integrate broader design considerations such as high availability, resiliency, IP multicast, and quality of service (QoS).
- This chapter starts with an overview of some general design considerations that need to be factored into the design, followed by sections on implementation, high availability, QoS, and IP multicast.
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