{"id":119,"date":"2009-01-27T22:30:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-27T21:30:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-01-31T12:50:38","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T11:50:38","slug":"3-atm-pod-linuxom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/3-atm-pod-linuxom\/","title":{"rendered":"3. ATM pod Linuxom"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>3. ATM pod Linuxom<\/h2>\n<p>Podpora siet\u00ed ATM v Linuxe je rozdelen\u00e1 do dvoch \u010dast\u00ed. Prv\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 je obsiahnut\u00e1 v jadre &#8211; kerneli opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Sem patria ovl\u00e1da\u010de ATM sie\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed a samotn\u00e1 podpora protokolov CLIP, LANE, MPOA. Druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 pozost\u00e1va z pomocn\u00fdch programov, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom prostred\u00ed a zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 funkcie &#8211; ATM signaliz\u00e1ciu, udr\u017eiavanie ARP tabuliek, pr\u00edpadne plnia \u00falohu LECS, LES, BUS, ATMARP \u010di MARS serverov. V tejto kapitole si rozoberieme konfigur\u00e1ciu jadra pre podporu ATM a spomenieme najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pomocn\u00e9 programy, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 v\u017edy spusten\u00e9. Zost\u00e1vaj\u00facou programovou podporou sa zaoberaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie kapitoly rozoberaj\u00face konkr\u00e9tny protokol CLIP resp. LANE.<\/p>\n<h3><a name=\"Zakl_Podpora\"><\/a>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 podpora ATM protokolov<\/h3>\n<p>Len zriedkakedy b\u00fdva podpora ATM k dispoz\u00edcii hne\u010f po nain\u0161talovan\u00ed Linuxu. V drvivej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov bude potrebn\u00e9 jadro skompilova\u0165 nanovo i&nbsp; potrebn\u00fdmi ATM ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi. Tento dokument predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee \u010ditate\u013e zvl\u00e1dne kompil\u00e1ciu jadra Linuxu s\u00e1m a \u017ee jadro konfiguruje v prostred\u00ed po pr\u00edkaze<\/p>\n<pre><big>make menuconfig<\/big><\/pre>\n<p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je na prvom mieste uisti\u0165 sa, \u017ee v menu<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Code maturity level options<\/span><\/p>\n<p>je za\u0161krtnut\u00e1 vo\u013eba<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Prompt for development and\/or incomplete code\/drivers<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. ATM sa v Linuxe e\u0161te st\u00e1le pova\u017euje za experiment\u00e1lny k\u00f3d a bez aktiv\u00e1cie tejto vo\u013eby by nebola podpora ATM v konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch jadra zobrazen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Podpora samotn\u00fdch protokolov ATM sa skr\u00fdva v menu<\/p>\n<p><em>Networking options<\/em><\/p>\n<p>. Prvou vo\u013ebou, ktor\u00fa treba aktivova\u0165, je<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (EXPERIMENTAL)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. Po jej aktivovan\u00ed sa objav\u00ed \u010fal\u0161ia s\u00e9ria mo\u017enost\u00ed. Rozoberieme tu ka\u017ed\u00fa z volieb, pri\u010dom odsadzovan\u00edm nazna\u010d\u00edme, ktor\u00e9 vo\u013eby s\u00fa &#8222;podvo\u013ebami&#8220; in\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Classical IP over ATM (NEW):<\/span> T\u00e1to vo\u013eba aktivuje podporu CLIP siet\u00ed a protokolov. Ak chceme prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 CLIP sie\u0165, je potrebn\u00e9 t\u00fato vo\u013ebu za\u0161ktrn\u00fa\u0165\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Do NOT send ICMP if no neighbour (NEW):<\/span> Ak v&nbsp; ATMARP tabu\u013eke jadra nie je evidovan\u00fd VC (virtu\u00e1lny kan\u00e1l) k po\u010d\u00edta\u010du, s ktor\u00fdm sa chce klient spoji\u0165, pri pokuse o spojenie s t\u00fdmto po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom sa klientovi posiela ICMP paket &#8222;host unreachable&#8220;. Toto spr\u00e1vanie v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 nepr\u00edjemnosti v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, kedy sa ATMARP tabu\u013eka na kr\u00e1tky \u010das vypr\u00e1zdni a znovu napln\u00ed (napr\u00edklad pri re\u0161tarte ATMARP d\u00e9mona alebo pri obnovovan\u00ed obsahu tejto tabu\u013eky). Aktivovanie tejto vo\u013eby sp\u00f4sob\u00ed, \u017ee namiesto odosielania ICMP paketov &#8222;host unreachable&#8220; sa nedoru\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 pakety jednoducho ignoruj\u00fa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">LAN Emulation (LANE) support (NEW):<\/span> T\u00e1to vo\u013eba aktivuje podporu LANE siet\u00ed a protokolov. Ak chceme prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 LANE alebo MPOA sie\u0165, je potrebn\u00e9 t\u00fato vo\u013ebu zapn\u00fa\u0165.\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Multi-Protocol Over ATM (MPOA) support (NEW):<\/span> Podpora MPOA siet\u00ed a protokolov. Pokia\u013e chceme prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 MPOA sie\u0165, treba za\u0161ktrn\u00fa\u0165 t\u00fato vo\u013ebu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">RFC1483\/2684 Bridged protocols (NEW):<\/span> Podpora prenosu nat\u00edvnych ethernetovsk\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov cez PVC okruhy. Po aktivovan\u00ed tejto vo\u013eby v syst\u00e9me pribudne nov\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhranie, ktor\u00e9 sa z poh\u013eadu u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea tv\u00e1ri ako Ethernet, zatia\u013e\u010do v skuto\u010dnosti ide o emul\u00e1ciu ethernetovsk\u00e9ho rozhrania nad stanoven\u00fdm PVC okruhom. Zariadenie generuje ethernetovsk\u00e9 r\u00e1mce, enkapsuluje ich do ATM buniek a prenesie cez PVC k pr\u00edjemcovi, kde sa podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom dekapsuluj\u00fa a op\u00e4\u0165 zostavia do ethernetovsk\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov. T\u00fato vo\u013ebu obvykle nem\u00e1 zmysel zap\u00edna\u0165, m\u00e1 svoje vyu\u017eitie v osobitn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch (napr. ke\u010f potrebujeme realizova\u0165 bridging medzi dvomi sie\u0165ami prostredn\u00edctvom medzi\u013eahlej ATM siete).\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Per-VC IP filter kludge (NEW):<\/span> \u0160pecifick\u00e1 podpora filtrovania IP paketov v ethernetovsk\u00fdch r\u00e1mcoch pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch cez PVC pomocou podpory &#8222;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">RFC1483\/2684 Bridged protocols (NEW)<\/span>&#8222;. Aktivovan\u00edm tejto vo\u013eby je k dispoz\u00edcii v syst\u00e9me nov\u00e9 volania jadra, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed stanovi\u0165, ktor\u00e9 prenesen\u00e9 ethernetovsk\u00e9 r\u00e1mce obsahuj\u00face pakety IP protokolu maj\u00fa by\u0165 prepusten\u00e9 a ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa by\u0165 zahoden\u00e9. Na rozdiel od klasick\u00e9ho firewallu sa filtrovanie deje e\u0161te na \u00farovni ovl\u00e1da\u010da bridged protokolov, bez dekapsul\u00e1cie IP paketov z ethernetovsk\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov. T\u00e1to podpora je vyslovene experiment\u00e1lna, \u0161pecifick\u00e1 a ur\u010den\u00e1 len pre u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed presne vedia, \u017ee ju potrebuj\u00fa, a maj\u00fa na jej vyu\u017eitie prostriedky, preto\u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 administr\u00e1torsk\u00e9 utility nedok\u00e1\u017eu tento filter vyu\u017ei\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a name=\"Podpora_rozhrani\"><\/a>Podpora sie\u0165ov\u00fdch ATM rozhran\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Okrem protokolov treba v jadre zahrn\u00fa\u0165 i podporu samotn\u00e9ho sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhrania ATM. Jednotliv\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de ATM kariet sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v menu<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Network device support<\/span><\/p>\n<p>, v podmenu<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">ATM drivers<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(toto podmenu je vidite\u013en\u00e9 len vtedy, ak je zapnut\u00e1 podpora ATM v menu<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Networking options<\/span><\/p>\n<p>). Ke\u010f\u017ee sme pre svoje experimenty mali v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di ATM rozhranie ForeRunner LE155, pop\u00ed\u0161eme len jeho ovl\u00e1da\u010d a nebudeme sa na tomto mieste roz\u0161irova\u0165 o v\u0161etk\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ATM over TCP (NEW):<\/span> tento driver emuluje ATM slu\u017eby nad protokolom TCP. Nejedn\u00e1 sa teda o prav\u00fa ATM sie\u0165, len o jej emul\u00e1ciu. Tento driver je vhodn\u00fd pre experimentovanie v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f nie je ATM vybavenie k dispoz\u00edcii.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">IDT 77201 (NICStAR) (ForeRunnerLE) (NEW):<\/span> Ovl\u00e1da\u010d ATM sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhrania, ktor\u00e9 sme mali k dispoz\u00edcii. Toto rozhranie existuje s dvomi r\u00f4znymi PHY kontrol\u00e9rmi\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Use suni PHY driver (155Mbps) (NEW):<\/span> podpora S-UNI a kompatibiln\u00fdch kontrol\u00e9rov pracuj\u00facich na 155 Mbps (typicky ForeRunner LE155)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Use IDT77015 PHY driver (25Mbps) (NEW):<\/span> podpora PHY kontrol\u00e9ra v ATM rozhran\u00ed ForeRunner LE25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a name=\"Nevyhnutna_programova_podpora\">Nevyhnutn\u00e1 programov\u00e1 podpora<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Okrem samotnej podpory ATM siet\u00ed a protokolov v jadre s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 i osobitn\u00e9 programy, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu ATM rozhran\u00ed a naviac implementuj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 podprotokoly v ATM. V distrib\u00facii Debian sa v\u0161etky tieto utility nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v bal\u00edku<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">atm-tools<\/span><\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Pre z\u00e1kladn\u00fa ATM konektivitu s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 dva d\u00e9mony:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">atmsigd<\/span><\/p>\n<p>a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ilmid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. D\u00e9mon<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">atmsigd<\/span><\/p>\n<p>implementuje podporu sign\u00e1lneho protokolu ATM UNI. Je nevyhnutn\u00fd pre komunik\u00e1ciu cez prep\u00ednan\u00e9 virtu\u00e1lne okruhy (SVC).<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm d\u00e9monom je<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ilmid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. ILMI (Interim Local Management Interface) je protokol pre v\u00fdmenu konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, najm\u00e4 sie\u0165ov\u00fdch ATM adries. Ak je na sieti ATM switch, ktor\u00fd tomuto protokolu rozumie, dok\u00e1\u017ee stanici automaticky prideli\u0165 ATM adresu (ILMI v podstate pripom\u00edna slu\u017ebu DHCP). V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee switch ILMI protokol nepodporuje, mus\u00edme stanici adresu prideli\u0165 ru\u010dne (a navy\u0161e dodato\u010dne nakonfigurova\u0165 aj switch). D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je uvedomi\u0165 si, \u017ee<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ilmid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>, hoci je d\u00e9monom, je iba klient, nie server. Funkcionalitu ILMI servera spravidla pln\u00ed samotn\u00fd switch.<\/p>\n<p>Poradie sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania jednotliv\u00fdch d\u00e9monov je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Najprv je potrebn\u00e9 spusti\u0165 d\u00e9mona<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">atmsigd<\/span><\/p>\n<p>a po jeho \u0161tarte po d\u00e9mona<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ilmid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. Oba pr\u00edkazy poznaj\u00fa prep\u00edna\u010d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">-b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010d\u00ed ich okam\u017eit\u00e9 odsunutie do pozadia. Oba d\u00e9mony sa preto odpor\u00fa\u010da sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom:<\/p>\n<pre><big>#!\/bin\/bash\n\natmsigd -b\nilmid -b\n<\/big><\/pre>\n<p>Samozrejme, toto je generick\u00fd skript. Syst\u00e9movej\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm je skontrolova\u0165 existuj\u00faci \u0161tartovac\u00ed skript v adres\u00e1ri<\/p>\n<p><big><span style=\"font-family: monospace;\">\/etc\/init.d<\/span><\/big><\/p>\n<p>a v pr\u00edpade potreby ho upravi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9mon<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ilmid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>m\u00e1 zmysel sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 len vtedy, ak n\u00e1\u0161 ATM switch podporuje ILMI protokol. V opa\u010dnom pr\u00edpade je potrebn\u00e9 prideli\u0165 si ATM adresu ru\u010dne pr\u00edkazom<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">atmaddr<\/span><\/p>\n<p>. Pr\u00edkaz atmaddr umo\u017e\u0148uje ru\u010dn\u00e9 prid\u00e1vanie alebo odoberanie ATM adries ATM rozhraniam. Syntax pr\u00edkazu pre pridanie ATM adresy je<\/p>\n<pre><big>atmaddr -a &lt;ATM adresa&gt;<\/big>\n<\/pre>\n<p>Ak chceme adresu zo zariadenia odobra\u0165, namiesto prep\u00edna\u010da -a pou\u017eijeme -d. Ako adresu m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek platn\u00fa ATM SVC adresu, teda adresu vo form\u00e1te E.164 alebo ATM Forum NSAP<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h2>3. ATM pod Linuxom<\/h2>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[178],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-atm-en"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":178,"label":"ATM"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"palo73","author_link":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/author\/palo73\/"},"comment_info":2,"category_info":[{"term_id":178,"name":"ATM","slug":"atm-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":429,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":23,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":178,"category_count":23,"category_description":"","cat_name":"ATM","category_nicename":"atm-en","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nil.uniza.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}